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<div id="mp-tfa" style="padding: 2px 5px;"><b><a title="Radiocarbon dating" href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating">Radiocarbon dating</a></b> is used to determine the age of carbon-bearing material by measuring its <a title="Radiocarbon" class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Radiocarbon">radiocarbon</a>, the radioactive <a title="Isotope" href="/wiki/Isotope">isotope</a> carbon-14 (with six <a title="Proton" href="/wiki/Proton">protons</a> and eight <a title="Neutrons" class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Neutrons">neutrons</a>). Invented by <a title="Willard Libby" href="/wiki/Willard_Libby">Willard Libby</a> in the late 1940s, the method soon became a standard tool for archaeologists. Radiocarbon is constantly created in the atmosphere, when <a title="Cosmic ray" href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray">cosmic rays</a> create free neutrons that hit <a title="Nitrogen" href="/wiki/Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>. Plants take in carbon, including radiocarbon, through <a title="Photosynthesis" href="/wiki/Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>, and after an animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment. <a title="Half-life" href="/wiki/Half-life">Half of the radiocarbon decays</a> every 5,730 years; the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by radiocarbon dating are around 50,000 years ago. The proportion of radiocarbon in the atmosphere was reduced starting in the late 19th century by fossil fuels, which contain little detectable radiocarbon, but nuclear weapons testing reversed that trend, almost doubling it by 1963. <a title="Accelerator mass spectrometry" href="/wiki/Accelerator_mass_spectrometry">Accelerator mass spectrometry</a> has become the method of choice for radiocarbon dating; it can be used with samples as small as plant grains. Libby received the <a title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry" href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> for his work in 1960. (<a title="Radiocarbon dating" href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating"><b>Full&nbsp;article...</b></a>)
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<p><a title="Bissau Cathedral" class="image" href="/wiki/File:Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png"><img width="93" height="100" alt="Bissau Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png/93px-Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png" data-file-height="1257" data-file-width="1166" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png/139px-Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png/185px-Kathedrale_von_Bissau_dyk.png 2x"></a></p>
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<li>... that one of the towers of <b><a title="Bissau Cathedral" href="/wiki/Bissau_Cathedral">Bissau Cathedral</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> is used as a <a title="Lighthouse" href="/wiki/Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> to guide ships to the <b><a title="Port of Bissau" href="/wiki/Port_of_Bissau">Port of Bissau</a></b>?</li>
<li>... that <b><a title="Dixi Crosby" href="/wiki/Dixi_Crosby">Dixi Crosby</a></b> was the first surgeon in the United States to be sued for medical malpractice?</li>
<li>... that players can ride on dinosaurs in <i><b><a title="Ark: Survival Evolved" href="/wiki/Ark:_Survival_Evolved">Ark: Survival Evolved</a></b></i>?</li>
<li>... that Israeli wrestler <b><a title="Ilana Kratysh" href="/wiki/Ilana_Kratysh">Ilana Kratysh</a></b> won a <a title="Grand Prix Wrestling" href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_Wrestling">Grand Prix</a> event despite allegedly being bitten by an Egyptian opponent?</li>
<li>... that the <b><a title="Music of L.A. Noire" href="/wiki/Music_of_L.A._Noire">music of <i>L.A. Noire</i></a></b> consists of original vocal recordings that reflect the "musical identity" of its 1940s setting?</li>
<li>... that <a title="Gordon Ramsay" href="/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay">Gordon Ramsay</a> once called Spanish chef <b><a title="Omar Allibhoy" href="/wiki/Omar_Allibhoy">Omar Allibhoy</a></b> the "<a title="Antonio Banderas" href="/wiki/Antonio_Banderas">Antonio Banderas</a> of cooking"?</li>
<li>... that the female <b><a title="Calopteryx dimidiata" href="/wiki/Calopteryx_dimidiata">sparkling jewelwing damselfly</a></b> spends about fifteen minutes submerged while laying a batch of eggs?</li>
<li>... that <b><a title="Victoria Price" href="/wiki/Victoria_Price">Victoria Price</a></b>, the daughter of horror icon <a title="Vincent Price" href="/wiki/Vincent_Price">Vincent Price</a>, is not a fan of horror films?</li>
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<p><a title="Nicholas Winton" href="/wiki/File:Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague.jpg"><img width="75" height="100" alt="Nicholas Winton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague_cropped.jpg/75px-Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague_cropped.jpg" data-file-height="1920" data-file-width="1440" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague_cropped.jpg/112px-Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague_cropped.jpg/150px-Nicholas_Winton_in_Prague_cropped.jpg 2x"></a></p>
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<li>In association football, the <b><a title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup" href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup">Women's World Cup</a></b> concludes with the <a title="United States women's national soccer team" href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team">United States</a> defeating <a title="Japan women's national football team" href="/wiki/Japan_women%27s_national_football_team">Japan</a> in <b><a title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final" href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_Final">the final</a></b>, and the <b><a title="2015 Copa América" href="/wiki/2015_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica">Copa América</a></b> concludes with <a title="Chile national football team" href="/wiki/Chile_national_football_team">Chile</a> defeating <a title="Argentina national football team" href="/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team">Argentina</a> in <b><a title="2015 Copa América Final" href="/wiki/2015_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Final">the final</a></b>.</li>
<li><b><a title="Nicholas Winton" href="/wiki/Nicholas_Winton">Nicholas Winton</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i>, dubbed the "British <a title="Oskar Schindler" href="/wiki/Oskar_Schindler">Schindler</a>" for saving more than 600 children – the majority Jewish – from the Nazis, dies at the age of 106.</li>
<li>More than 140 people are killed when a <a title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules" href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> <b><a title="2015 Indonesian Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules crash" href="/wiki/2015_Indonesian_Air_Force_Lockheed_C-130_Hercules_crash">crashes</a></b> into a residential area of <a title="Medan" href="/wiki/Medan">Medan</a>, Indonesia.</li>
<li><b><a title="Hisham Barakat" href="/wiki/Hisham_Barakat">Hisham Barakat</a></b>, Egypt's <a title="Attorney general" href="/wiki/Attorney_general">prosecutor general</a>, is assassinated in a car bombing.</li>
</ul>
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<li><b><a title="Portal:Current events" href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events">Ongoing events</a></b>:
<div class="hlist inline">
<ul>
<li><a title="Greek debt crisis timeline" href="/wiki/Greek_debt_crisis_timeline#2015">Greek debt crisis</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li><b><a title="Deaths in 2015" href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2015">Recent deaths</a></b>:
<div class="hlist inline">
<ul>
<li><a title="Boyd K. Packer" href="/wiki/Boyd_K._Packer">Boyd K. Packer</a></li>
<li><a title="Val Doonican" href="/wiki/Val_Doonican">Val Doonican</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 2px;">
<h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="background: rgb(206, 223, 242); margin: 3px; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; border: 1px solid rgb(163, 176, 191); text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: inherit; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="mw-headline" id="On_this_day...">On this day...</span></h2>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding: 2px 5px 5px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<div id="mp-otd">
<p><b><a title="July 8" href="/wiki/July_8">July 8</a></b></p>
<div id="mp-otd-img" style="margin-left: 0.5em; float: right;">
<p><a title="Joseph Bonaparte" class="image" href="/wiki/File:AduC_237_Bonaparte_(Joseph,_1768-1844).JPG"><img width="75" height="100" alt="Joseph Bonaparte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/AduC_237_Bonaparte_%28Joseph%2C_1768-1844%29.JPG/75px-AduC_237_Bonaparte_%28Joseph%2C_1768-1844%29.JPG" data-file-height="3648" data-file-width="2736" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/AduC_237_Bonaparte_%28Joseph%2C_1768-1844%29.JPG/112px-AduC_237_Bonaparte_%28Joseph%2C_1768-1844%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/AduC_237_Bonaparte_%28Joseph%2C_1768-1844%29.JPG/150px-AduC_237_Bonaparte_%28Joseph%2C_1768-1844%29.JPG 2x"></a></p>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a title="1663" href="/wiki/1663">1663</a> – King <a title="Charles II of England" href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England">Charles II of England</a> granted <b><a title="John Clarke (Baptist minister)" href="/wiki/John_Clarke_(Baptist_minister)">John Clarke</a></b> the <b><a title="Rhode Island Royal Charter" href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Royal_Charter">Rhode Island Royal Charter</a></b>, described by one historian as "the grandest instrument of human liberty ever constructed."</li>
<li><a title="1709" href="/wiki/1709">1709</a> – <a title="Great Northern War" href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War">Great Northern War</a>: <a title="Peter the Great" href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great">Peter&nbsp;I of Russia</a> <b><a title="Battle of Poltava" href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava">defeated</a></b> <a title="Charles XII of Sweden" href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden">Charles&nbsp;XII of Sweden</a> in <a title="Poltava" href="/wiki/Poltava">Poltava</a>, effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.</li>
<li><a title="1808" href="/wiki/1808">1808</a> – <a title="Joseph Bonaparte" href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a> <i>(pictured)</i> approved the <b><a title="Bayonne Statute" href="/wiki/Bayonne_Statute">Bayonne Statute</a></b>, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain during the <a title="Peninsular War" href="/wiki/Peninsular_War">Peninsular War</a>.</li>
<li><a title="1947" href="/wiki/1947">1947</a> – After various news agencies reported <b><a title="Roswell UFO incident" href="/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident">the capture of a "flying disc"</a></b> by <a title="United States Army Air Forces" href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces">U.S. Army Air Force</a> personnel in <a title="Roswell, New Mexico" href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico">Roswell, New Mexico</a>, the military stated that what was actually recovered was debris from an experimental high-altitude surveillance <a title="Weather balloon" href="/wiki/Weather_balloon">weather balloon</a>.</li>
<li><a title="2011" href="/wiki/2011">2011</a> – <a title="Space Shuttle Atlantis" href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis">Space Shuttle <i>Atlantis</i></a> was launched in <b><a title="STS-135" href="/wiki/STS-135">STS-135</a></b>, the final mission of the U.S. <a title="Space Shuttle program" href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program">Space Shuttle program</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">
<li>More anniversaries:
<div class="hlist inline nowraplinks">
<ul>
<li><a title="July 7" href="/wiki/July_7">July 7</a></li>
<li><b><a title="July 8" href="/wiki/July_8">July 8</a></b></li>
<li><a title="July 9" href="/wiki/July_9">July 9</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="hlist noprint" id="mp-otd-footer" style="text-align: right;">
<ul>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/July" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/July">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a title="mail:daily-article-l" class="extiw" href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li>
<li><b><a title="List of historical anniversaries" href="/wiki/List_of_historical_anniversaries">List of historical anniversaries</a></b></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-size: smaller;">
<ul>
<li>Current date: <span class="nowrap">July 8, 2015</span> (<a title="Coordinated Universal Time" href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">UTC</a>)</li>
<li><span class="plainlinks" id="otd-purgelink"><span class="nowrap"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=purge">Reload this page</a></span></span></li>
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<td class="MainPageBG" style="background: rgb(250, 245, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 206, 242); width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); vertical-align: top;">
<table id="mp-bottom" style="background: rgb(250, 245, 255); width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); vertical-align: top;">
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<td style="padding: 2px;">
<h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" style="background: rgb(221, 206, 242); margin: 3px; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; border: 1px solid rgb(175, 163, 191); text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: inherit; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Today.27s_featured_picture">Today's featured picture</span></h2>
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<table style="margin: 0px 3px 3px; width: 100%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: transparent;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0px 0.9em 0px 0px;"><a title="Leucanthemum vulgare" class="image" href="/wiki/File:Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg"><img width="350" height="318" alt="Leucanthemum vulgare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg/350px-Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="2200" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg/525px-Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg/700px-Leucanthemum_vulgare_%27Filigran%27_Flower_2200px.jpg 2x"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 0px 6px 0px 0px;">
<p><i><b><a title="Leucanthemum vulgare" href="/wiki/Leucanthemum_vulgare">Leucanthemum vulgare</a></b></i>, popularly known as the ox-eye daisy, is a <a title="Flowering plant" href="/wiki/Flowering_plant">flowering plant</a> native to the grasslands of Europe and temperate Asia. This flower is often cultivated as an <a title="Ornamental plant" href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant">ornamental plant</a>, and in Russia it is the symbol of <a title="Peter and Fevronia Day" href="/wiki/Peter_and_Fevronia_Day">Peter and Fevronia Day</a>.</p>
<p><small>Photograph: <a title="User:Ram-Man" href="/wiki/User:Ram-Man">Derek Ramsey</a></small></p>
<ul style="list-style: none; text-align: right; margin-left: 0px;">
<li>Recently featured:
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<li><a title="Template:POTD/2015-07-07" href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2015-07-07"><i>Portrait of Sebastián de Morra</i></a></li>
<li><a title="Template:POTD/2015-07-06" href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2015-07-06">Hobo–Dyer projection</a></li>
<li><a title="Template:POTD/2015-07-05" href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2015-07-05">Sheep</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
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<div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: right;">
<ul>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/July 2015" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/July_2015">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures">More featured pictures...</a></b></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_areas_of_Wikipedia">Other areas of Wikipedia</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Community portal" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal">Community portal</a></b> – Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas.</li>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Help desk" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk">Help desk</a></b> – Ask questions about using Wikipedia.</li>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Local Embassy" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Local_Embassy">Local embassy</a></b> – For Wikipedia-related communication in languages other than English.</li>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Reference desk" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk">Reference desk</a></b> – Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects.</li>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:News" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> – Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation.</li>
<li><b><a title="Wikipedia:Village pump" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump">Village pump</a></b> – For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies.</li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia.27s_sister_projects">Wikipedia's sister projects</span></h2>
<p>Wikipedia is hosted by the <a title="Wikimedia Foundation" href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other <a title="wmf:Our projects" class="extiw" href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Our_projects">projects</a>:</p>
<table class="layout plainlinks" style="margin: auto; width: 100%; text-align: left;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Commons" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><img width="31" height="41" alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9d/Commons-logo-31px.png" data-file-height="41" data-file-width="31"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px; width: 33%;"><b><a class="external text" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/">Commons</a></b><br>
Free media repository</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="MediaWiki" href="//www.mediawiki.org/wiki/"><img width="35" height="26" alt="MediaWiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/35px-Mediawiki-logo.png" data-file-height="102" data-file-width="135" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/53px-Mediawiki-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/70px-Mediawiki-logo.png 2x"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px; width: 33%;"><b><a class="external text" href="//mediawiki.org/">MediaWiki</a></b><br>
Wiki software development</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Meta-Wiki" href="//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><img width="35" height="35" alt="Meta-Wiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Meta-logo-35px.png" data-file-height="35" data-file-width="35"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px; width: 33%;"><b><a class="external text" href="//meta.wikimedia.org/">Meta-Wiki</a></b><br>
Wikimedia project coordination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikibooks" href="//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/"><img width="35" height="35" alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Wikibooks-logo-35px.png" data-file-height="35" data-file-width="35"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikibooks.org/">Wikibooks</a></b><br>
Free textbooks and manuals</td>
<td style="padding: 3px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikidata" href="//www.wikidata.org/wiki/"><img width="47" height="26" alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="1050" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//www.wikidata.org/">Wikidata</a></b><br>
Free knowledge base</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikinews" href="//en.wikinews.org/wiki/"><img width="51" height="30" alt="Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/60/Wikinews-logo-51px.png" data-file-height="30" data-file-width="51"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikinews.org/">Wikinews</a></b><br>
Free-content news</td>
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<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikiquote" href="//en.wikiquote.org/wiki/"><img width="51" height="41" alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/46/Wikiquote-logo-51px.png" data-file-height="41" data-file-width="51"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikiquote.org/">Wikiquote</a></b><br>
Collection of quotations</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikisource" href="//en.wikisource.org/wiki/"><img width="35" height="37" alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b6/Wikisource-logo-35px.png" data-file-height="37" data-file-width="35"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikisource.org/">Wikisource</a></b><br>
Free-content library</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikispecies" href="//species.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><img width="35" height="41" alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Wikispecies-logo-35px.png" data-file-height="41" data-file-width="35"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//species.wikimedia.org/">Wikispecies</a></b><br>
Directory of species</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikiversity" href="//en.wikiversity.org/wiki/"><img width="41" height="32" alt="Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Wikiversity-logo-41px.png" data-file-height="32" data-file-width="41"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikiversity.org/">Wikiversity</a></b><br>
Free learning materials and activities</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wikivoyage" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/"><img width="35" height="35" alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-file-height="193" data-file-width="193" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/">Wikivoyage</a></b><br>
Free travel guide</td>
<td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"><a title="Wiktionary" href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/"><img width="51" height="35" alt="Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Wiktionary-logo-51px.png" data-file-height="35" data-file-width="51"></a></td>
<td style="padding: 4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wiktionary.org/">Wiktionary</a></b><br>
Dictionary and thesaurus</td>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia_languages">Wikipedia languages</span></h2>
<div class="nowraplinks nourlexpansion plainlinks" id="lang">
<p>This Wikipedia is written in <a title="English language" href="/wiki/English_language">English</a>. Started in 2001<span style="display: none;">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span>, it currently contains <a title="Special:Statistics" href="/wiki/Special:Statistics">4,911,454</a> articles.  Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.</p>
<ul>
<li id="lang-4">More than 1,000,000 articles:
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<li><a class="external text" href="//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="German (de:)" class="autonym" lang="de" lang="de" xml:lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Spanish (es:)" class="autonym" lang="es" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Español</span></a></li>
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<li><a class="external text" href="//it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Italian (it:)" class="autonym" lang="it" lang="it" xml:lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Dutch (nl:)" class="autonym" lang="nl" lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Polish (pl:)" class="autonym" lang="pl" lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Russian (ru:)" class="autonym" lang="ru" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Swedish (sv:)" class="autonym" lang="sv" lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li id="lang-3">More than 400,000 articles:
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<li><a class="external text" href="//ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Catalan (ca:)" class="autonym" lang="ca" lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">Català</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Persian (fa:)" class="autonym" lang="fa" lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">فارسی</span></a></li>
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<li><a class="external text" href="//no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Norwegian (no:)" class="autonym" lang="no" lang="no" xml:lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Portuguese (pt:)" class="autonym" lang="pt" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">Português</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Vietnamese (vi:)" class="autonym" lang="vi" lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Ukrainian (uk:)" class="autonym" lang="uk" lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Chinese (zh:)" class="autonym" lang="zh" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">中文</span></a></li>
</ul>
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</li>
<li id="lang-2">More than 250,000 articles:
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<li><a class="external text" href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Arabic (ar:)" class="autonym" lang="ar" lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Indonesian (id:)" class="autonym" lang="id" lang="id" xml:lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Malay (ms:)" class="autonym" lang="ms" lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Czech (cs:)" class="autonym" lang="cs" lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Korean (ko:)" class="autonym" lang="ko" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Hungarian (hu:)" class="autonym" lang="hu" lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Romanian (ro:)" class="autonym" lang="ro" lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">Română</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Serbian (sr:)" class="autonym" lang="sr" lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">Srpski / српски</span></a></li>
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<li id="lang-1">More than 50,000 articles:
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<li><a class="external text" href="//nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" class="autonym" lang="nn" lang="nn" xml:lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Slovak (sk:)" class="autonym" lang="sk" lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Slovenian (sl:)" class="autonym" lang="sl" lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Thai (th:)" class="autonym" lang="th" lang="th" xml:lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span title="Turkish (tr:)" class="autonym" lang="tr" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
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<div class="plainlinks" id="metalink" style="text-align: center;"><b><a title="meta:List of Wikipedias" class="extiw" href="//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias">Complete list of Wikipedias</a></b></div>
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